Physico-chemical characterization of crystalline phases in fly ashes

Fuel oil combustion in power plants, domestic heating systems and diesel engines, causes the emission in the environment of particles with a typical structure and composition: the cenospheres.These particles are produced during the microdrop fuel oil combustion, when air and fuel are injected into the combustion chamber; they have a spheroidal morphology and a spongy structure.Cenospheres are constituted by an amorphous component rich in C, S, Si, Fe and Al; phases composed by microcrystals of sulphates, oxides and pure metallic elements or their alloys, are frequently present in the cenospheres.These crystalline phases are important from environmental and toxicological points of view both because they are composed of heavy metals, and because they can play an important role in heterogeneous catalysis.We started to study these crystalline phases by analytical electron microscopy techniques and electron energy loss spectrometry to define and characterise their structure and composition.     

用GC/MS分析几种葱属植物挥发油中的有机硫化物

采用蒸汽蒸馏的方法,分别提取了大葱(Allium fistulosum L)、薤白(Allium macrostemonBunge)和大蒜(Allium sativum L)中的挥发油,用GC/MS方法鉴别了它们中的主要硫化合物,并进行了比较。     

叶下花挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析

叶下花(Ainsliaea pertyoidesFr.var.albo-tom en-tosaBeauverd)(又名白背兔耳风)为菊科帚菊木族兔耳风属药用植物。兔耳风属全世界70余种,我国有44种4变种,约占总数的37·5%。兔耳风属植物药用种类较多,广泛用于治疗感冒咳喘、风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、活血止血、肠炎痢疾、咽喉炎     

Thermogravimetric investigation on combustion characteristics of oil shale and high sulphur coal mixture

Co-combustion experiments of mixture of Huadian oil shale and Heshan coal with high sulphur content have been conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effects of five different Ca/S mol ratios on the combustion characteristics of mixture fuel are analyzed using TG and DTG curves. The results show that the initial temperature of combustion of mixture fuel is decreased with an increase in the oil shale content of mixture fuel. The combustion characteristic of mixture fuel is superior to that of Heshan coal. Adding about 20 mass% Huadian oil shale into Heshan coal is feasible for desulfurization of mixture fuel during combustion.     

羰基铁催化黄樟油素、丁香酚异构化反应的研究 Ⅳ.应用十二羰基三铁催化合成异黄樟油、异丁香酚

本文使用十二羰基三铁催化黄樟油素,丁香酚异构化反应,它的催化性能比其它羰基铁化合物优良,而且合成方便,不必经过光照反应,因此开辟了异黄樟油,异丁香酚可在加热条件下使用羰基铁催化合成的途径。     

溶剂提取原子荧光光谱法测定药用植物油中砷

通过样品消解、工作条件等优化，利用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定药用植物油中砷的含量。方法回收率为97．6％，相对标准偏差为3．5％。方法操作简单，结果稳定可靠。     

液相色谱–大气压化学电离串联质谱法测定油脂中9种胆固醇氧化物

建立一种准确测定油脂中9种胆固醇氧化物含量的同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。向油脂样品中加入无水乙醇和60%氢氧化钾溶液,在室温下避光皂化22 h,使用乙醚-石油醚混合液(1∶1)作为提取溶液,采用液-液萃取方式提取目标物,再使用硅胶柱进行净化,采用5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液与甲醇-乙腈混合液(1∶1)为双流动相梯度淋洗,使用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱分离,在大气压化学电离(APCI)正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式内标法定量测定。在10~500μg/L范围内,9种胆固醇氧化物的质量浓度与色谱峰面积线性良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,检出限均为0.5 mg/kg,在1,5 mg/kg两个添加水平时,加标回收率为71.2%~94.4%,相对标准偏差小于10%(n=6)。该方法满足动植物油脂中胆固醇氧化物含量测定需要。     

The Effect of Start-Up Conditions on Deactivation of Hydrotreating Catalyst for Heavy Residue with High Asphaltene Content

This article describes a pilot plant test, which was carried out to examine the effect of start-up operation conditions on catalytic performance in the commercial hydrotreating equipment. From the simulated several pilot tests, it was found that the operation conditions of this commercial equipment were very severe and the hydrogen supply to the catalyst active site was critical. When the heavy residue containing large amount of asphaltene was supplied at the start of run (SOR) in the commercial equipment, the permanent adsorption of carbonaceous deposit on the active site should cause leading the catalyst deactivation.     

塔里木塔河原油中钒卟啉的分离和鉴定

石油卟啉的存在是石油有机成因说的重要证据之一，并且根据石油卟啉的类型和分布可以推测石油的沉积环境及成熟程度。另一方面，石油中的卟啉主要是镍卟啉和钒卟啉，镍和钒是石油加工过程中裂化催化剂失活的主要原因，对石油卟啉的认识将有助于脱金属工艺的开发，从而降低镍和钒对加工过程的不利影响。     

小波包压缩-RBF网络同时测定润滑油中铁、铜、锌

将小波包压缩-RBF网络方法用于润滑油中铁铜锌三组分分光光度同时测定该方法采用小波包函数对光谱数据进行压缩处理，用较大的小波色系数构成新的校正集和预测集代替原始的校正集和预测集，然后用RBF网络进行数据解析。研究表明，用bior2．4小波包处理原始测定数据，最佳小波基用logenerge熵标准，选择适当阈值将变量数由46个压缩成25个（压缩比为0．54），整体预测效果最好。将此方法用于合成样预测．预测结果与实际浓度的相对误差绝对值在2．50％～9．40％之间；用于实际润滑油样品中铁、铜和锌的同时测定，解析值与原子吸收法（AAS）的测定值的相对误差绝对值作3．55％～7．86％之间。应用结果令人满意。